[Fishlink] ~~>SUBLEGALS 11July03<~~
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~~>SUBLEGALS 11July03<~~
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A WEEKLY QUOTA OF FISHERY SHORTS CAUGHT AND
LANDED BY THE INSTITUTE FOR FISHERIES RESOURCES
AND THE PACIFIC COAST FEDERATION OF FISHERMEN'S
ASSOCIATIONS
VOL. 08, NO. 02 11 JULY 2003
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"As we know, there are known knowns. There are things we know we
know. We also know there are known unknowns. That is to say, we
know there are some things we do not know. But there are also
unknown unknowns, the ones we don't know we don't know."
........ Donald Rumsfeld
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IN THIS ISSUE.......
BOR Calls the Klamath River "Dry" and Announces the Water
Bank is Gone. 8:02/01.
Protesters Greet Secretary Norton in Sacramento Decrying
Her Lack of Action on the Klamath. 8:02/02.
Water Board Rescinds Ag Waste Water Waivers, Requires
Registration of Dischargers. 8:02/04.
Precaution Urged For Establishing MPAs. 8:02/07
Report Released on High Ecological and Social Costs of
Carnivorous Fish Farming. 8:02/11
AND MORE......
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8:02/01. BOR CHANGES COURSE AGAIN, DOWNGRADING
UPPER KLAMATH WATER YEAR TO "DRY;" SUMMER WATER
BANK FLOWS MYSTERIOUSLY DISAPPEAR: On 10 July, the U.S.
Bureau of Reclamation (BOR) reclassified the hydrological water year
for the Upper Klamath Basin from "below average" back to "dry" and
announced it would be reducing flows in the river to the minimum
required for protection of Endangered Species Act (ESA) listed coho
salmon under the federal water agency's 10-year water plan for this
northern California - southern Oregon basin. The 10 July order is a
complete reversal of BOR's 13 June decision (see Sublegals, 7:24/02;
7:23/11; 7:17/13; 7:16/06; 7:15/07; 7:13/02; 7:09/03). The recission was
based on a specially ordered hydrological reassessment. PCFFA, along
with other fishing and conservation groups, has sued BOR and the
National Marine Fisheries Service (NMFS), PCFFA et al. v. BOR,
NMFS (Dist. N. Ca, No. 02-2006-SBA), over the inadequacy of the
10-year flow regime to protect the fish (see Sublegals, 8:01/07).
Upper Klamath Lake is large and shallow and lake elevation changes
of even a few inches can make a huge difference to the amount of
available edge habitat and marsh acreage for meeting fish and wildlife
needs. Klamath Project water users had been under pressure to strictly
conserve water in order to reach target Upper Klamath Lake levels of
4139.6 feet for August under the prior "below average" water year
classification. However, under the new "dry" year reclassification, the
target lake levels will drop to 4139.0 feet for August, relieving the
irrigators of pressure to conserve water, but putting endangered lake
species (e.g., shortnosed sucker) at greater risk, and completely drying
out the 14,400 acre Upper Klamath Lake National Wildlife Refuge by
the end of August. Water for the national wildlife refuges is frequently
sacrificed in the arid upper basin to feed water demands by the federal
irrigation project (see http://www.klamathbasin.info/refuges.htm).
On the same day, BOR also declared that it would not deliver any
water bank flows to the lower river for July or August as originally
required, citing an "unforeseen change in climatic conditions." It further
announced a reduction in releases from Iron Gate Dam to the lowest
minimum flows required under its 10-year water plan for a "below
average" water year. The lower river flows are significantly below levels
called for by the State of California, the Pacific Fisheries Management
Council (PFMC) and fishery scientists as necessary to prevent more fish
kills. The BOR has not accounted for how the 50,000 acre-feet of water
for the water bank, purchased with $4 million of taxpayer funds, has in
fact been used. On 21 May, BOR had nearly 47,500 acre-feet of water
bank water available but claims none now remains.
On 10 July, NMFS Southwest Region signed off on the new BOR
water bank numbers, though leaving open the option of requiring some
additional flows in September to prevent another massive fish kill like
that in September 2002 (see Sublegals, 6:15/01; 6:14/01; 6:13/01). The
flows for the Klamath River are important not only for protecting (never
mind recovering) listed coho salmon, but for maintaining fall-run
chinook populations in the basin. Fall-run were the major victims of the
autumn 2002 low flows. The ocean salmon fisheries of northern
California and southern Oregon are regulated based on the health of
Klamath fall-run chinook stocks. For more, see the 11 July Klamath
Herald & News article at: www.heraldandnews.com/articles/
2003/07/11/news/top_stories/change.txt. For the BOR press release,
giving the agency version, go to:
http://www.usbr.gov/mp/Mp140/news/2003/MP-03-037.pdf.
8:02/02. INTERIOR SECRETARY GREETED WITH PICKETS
AND PROTESTS OVER LACK OF KLAMATH RIVER WATER AT
SACRAMENTO WATER CONFERENCE: U.S. Interior Secretary
Gale Norton was greeted with pickets and protests when she arrived for
her "Water 2025" conference on 10 July in Sacramento, California.
Norton was faced with demonstrators from the lower Klamath Basin,
including many members of the lower river Tribes, demanding that she
pay more attention to water for the year 2003 for the Klamath River.
The Tribes are particularly incensed that Indian water rights in the
Klamath Basin, which are legally senior water rights, have been virtually
ignored in the water debates within the Klamath Basin. No California
Tribal representatives were invited to participate in the conference, nor
were any fishery representatives. For more, see the 10 July Associated
Press article on the conference:
http://www.heraldtribune.com/apps/pbcs.dll/article?AID=/20030710/
APN/307101169.
Fights over water flows in the Klamath (see Sublegals, 7:21/01;
6:16/01) as well as poor federal participation in California's CALFED
process to restore the ecological integrity of the California San Francisco
Bay Delta, have also resulted in serious rifts between State of California
officials and the federal government. In what is perceived as a deliberate
snub, California Secretary of Resources Mary Nichols was not invited by
Secretary Norton to address the water conference. Nichols has been
highly critical of Interior's handling of last year's salmon kill on the
Klamath. For more, see the 10 July Sacramento Bee at:
http://www.sacbee.com/content/politics/nation/story/
7004073p-7952762c.html.
8:02/03. KLAMATH JUVENILE FISH KILL ABATED BY
COOLER WEATHER?: The Eureka Times- Standard reported 8 July
that the juvenile fish kill on the Klamath River appears to have been
staved off by cooler weather (see Sublegals, 7:25/02). Since June, more
than one hundred dead juvenile salmon have been found in sampling
traps. The dead fish were found during a period of high temperatures,
and only weeks after millions of hatchery fry were released upstream. A
survey of the river two weeks ago between the Scott River's confluence
and Coon Creek falls on the lower river turned up only a few dead young
salmon. The lack of dead juvenile salmon is good news for those who
worried that a repeat of June 2000 would occur, when 250,000 young fry
died in the river. For more information see:
http://www.timesstandard.com/Stories/0,1413,127%257E2896%257E15
00499,00.html.
8:02/04. WATER BOARD "CUTS BABY IN HALF," REQUIRING
GROWERS WHO DISCHARGE WASTE TO REGISTER, BUT WITH
NO FEES OR ENFORCEMENT: California's Central Valley Water
Quality Control Board, following two-days of hearings, voted 11 July to
require owners of irrigated cropland throughout the Central Valley to
register with the state as a first step toward regulation. Since 1982,
growers have been exempted under a waiver from state and federal
wastewater discharge requirements. As a result of 2000 state legislation,
the Central Valley Board was forced to revisit the broad exemption
given agriculture, the only industry in that state that has not been subject
to water pollution regulation. Agricultural run-off is the single largest
source of water pollution in the Central Valley, negatively affecting the
four populations of chinook salmon, including Sacramento fall-run kings
that support the offshore ocean salmon fishery. In December 2002 the
Central Valley Board adopted a "conditional waiver" that allowed
agricultural dischargers to form watershed "coalitions" to voluntarily
monitor wastewater. That waiver was challenged by conservation and
fishing groups as well as the state Attorney General and was
subsequently rescinded by the Board following charges of
conflict-of-interest against one of its members, a Sacramento Valley rice
grower.
Following the vote to rescind the previous waiver, the Board took
testimony on 10 July from two panels - one representing agricultural
interests and a second representing conservation, fishing and farm
worker organizations. The agriculture panel argued for another waiver,
asking for a voluntary monitoring program conducted by the watershed
"coalitions." They opposed any permit fee or disclosure of the names of
landowners that were part of any coalition. Board members questioned
how such a plan would be enforceable if the coalitions were unwilling to
police their members or disclose their names. The
conservation-fishing-farm worker groups argued for a waste discharge
requirement under a permit with a fee (to cover administration and
enforcement costs), but said broad permits covering numerous
landowners (as opposed to a permit for each grower) would be effective
without being onerous.
"Declines in Central Valley salmon, steelhead, striped bass and
sturgeon have cost sport and commercial fishing sectors more than $4
billion over the past thirty years. These declines are attributable
primarily to water diversions and pollution," said PCFFA Executive
Director Zeke Grader in testimony presented on behalf of the California
Sportfishing Protection Alliance, California Trout, Federation of Fly
Fishers, Trout Unlimited, United Anglers of California and PCFFA.
Grader also discussed the impacts of the pollution on Dungeness crab
and herring populations. "It is absolutely inequitable for agriculture to
use the public's water and then play a role in destroying the public's
fishery resources, financially impacting the fishing industries that
provided goods and services to the public."
The 11 July, 5-2 Board vote to require registration of landowner
dischargers did not go so far as to establish a permit or require fees.
Thus, the Board will have the names of Central Valley irrigators, if they
comply, but it does not have an enforceable permit to require compliance
with water quality standards nor the funds (from fees) to enforce
compliance. For more on the Central Valley Board action see the
Modesto Bee article at:
http://www.modbee.com/local/story/7113344p-8043892c.html.
8:02/05. CALIFORNIA ENERGY COMMISSION CALLS FOR
DAM REMOVAL OPTION IN KLAMATH HYDROPOWER
RELICENSING: The California Energy Commission is calling on
PacifiCorp to consider decommissioning dams of its Klamath River
hydropower project as part of its relicensing application before the
Federal Energy Regulatory Commission (FERC), reports the Eureka
Times-Standard. The dams, including Iron Gate located on the California
side of the Klamath, do not provide fish passage, and Iron Gate, a flow
regulating dam, acts as a "heat sump" that warms water to often-times
lethal levels for fish when it is released from the reservoir into the river
below (see Sublegals, 7:26/03). The high water temperature and nutrient
loads of the water also results in flows deficient of oxygen. "In a
preliminary assessment of energy issues associated with the project, the
commission said that replacement energy would be needed to make up
for any dams that may be removed. But that power could be made up by
new and proposed facilities nearby," it said, including a 484-megawatt
cogeneration facility in Klamath Falls, Oregon, and two proposed
projects in Klamath County that would provide 1,500 megawatts. "The
seven dams in the Klamath project together only produce 151
megawatts," said the Times-Standard article. " Jim McKinney, an
environmental policy specialist with the state Commission, said
PacifiCorp should look at the trade offs of decommissioning dams. The
California Resources Agency and the State Water Resources Control
Board (SWRCB) asked the Energy Commission to analyze PacifiCorp's
license application. To see the 4 July Times-Standard article by John
Driscoll, go to:
http://www.times-standard.com/Stories/0,1413,127%7E2896%7E14946
38,00.html. A copy of PacfiCorp's FERC draft license application can
be found at: http://www.pacificorp.com/Article/Article1152.html.
8:02/06. WASHINGTON STATE ADOPTS NEW WATER
QUALITY STANDARDS: Washington State's Department of Ecology
has announced the adoption of the first major overhaul of the state's
water quality standards in a decade (see Sublegals, 8:01/06; 7:24/07).
The standards set limits on pollution in Washington's lakes, rivers and
marine waters. Ecology uses the standards to protect water quality for
swimming, fishing, fish habitat and drinking water. They are also used in
establishing wastewater permits and water cleanup plans. The new
standards include updated temperature requirements to protect critical
life stages of salmon and bull trout, including incubation, spawning and
rearing.
Since the adoption of the last standards, many of Washington's
salmon runs have become listed as endangered or threatened under the
federal Endangered Species Act (ESA). The updated standards must now
be approved by the U.S. Environmental Protection Agency (EPA) and
federal fish agencies before they take effect. For more information on
the standards, contact Leslie Thorpe at (360) 407-6848. The new
standards can be found at:
http://www.ecy.wa.gov/programs/wq/swqs/index.html.
8:02/07. ARTICLES RAISE CAUTION ABOUT MPAs: Scientists
should be much more cautious and systematic about the issue of marine
protected areas (MPAs) and their implementation, and avoid thinking
about them as simplistic solutions for complex problems that may be
better solved in other ways, say the authors of "Dangerous targets?
Unresolved issues and ideological clashes around marine protected
areas," in the upcoming book titled Aquatic Conservation: Marine and
Freshwater Ecosystems (John Wiley & Sons, Ltd.). The authors, some
of the world's foremost marine scientists, note that blanket advocacy of
marine protected areas, often based on unsubstantiated claims or
percentage targets, not only unnecessarily polarizes the debate, but sets
up a rush to implementation before their design and impact has been
fully thought out. They also note that honest differences of opinion on
MPAs are emerging even among scientists that cannot be reconciled
from an inflexible or advocacy viewpoint, but only from science-based,
systematic monitoring over time. For a copy of the article go to:
http://www.elpnet.org/Agardyetal2003.pdf.
In a short article that appears in the July issue of Fisheries (Vol. 28,
No.7, p. 35), authors Omar Defeo and Roberto Perez-Castaneda discuss
the case of Mexico in their article, "Misuse of Marine Protected Areas
for fisheries management." They write, the "implementation of MPAs in
Mexico has become a conventional response by conservationists,
especially for some ecosystems (e.g., coral reefs) and charismatic species
(e.g., marine turtles, manatees, flamingos). The implementation of
hybrid reserves (i.e., marine and terrestrial components) constitutes an
erroneous starting point, because of marked differences between marine
and terrestrial ecosystems, including the dynamics of populations,
intrinsic characteristics of the habitats, and the unique feature of the
fishing process. Between-ecosystem differences imply that specific and
distinctive criteria should be used for designing MPAs. Furthermore,
management agencies with different levels of involvement in developing
reserves (1) rarely considered ecological and fisheries data, and (2)
adopted management measures which frequently overlap or are in
contradiction among each other because of a clear lack of collaborative,
multidisciplinary plans. Consequently, MPAs in Mexico have failed to
fulfill management and conservation objectives because of weaknesses
of the initial objectives, design, and level of enforcement." For more:
www.fisheries.org.
Many of the same concerns, including more careful definition of
terms, biologically driven criteria for design, clearly identified purposes,
comprehensive monitoring and adaptive management, are part of
PCFFA's Policy Statement on marine protected areas, available on the
web at: http://www.pcffa.org/mpa3.htm. See also the February 1999
issue of Fishermen's News, "Marine Reserves: Friend or Foe?" at:
http://www.pcffa.org/fn-feb99.htm.
8:02/08. COOPERATIVE RESEARCH PROJECTS AWARDED,
SALMON TAGGING OPPORTUNITIES STILL AVAILABLE: The
Pacific States Marine Fisheries Commission (PSMFC) has announced
the recipients of its cooperative research monies for 2003. Fifteen
proposals were submitted to PSMFC and after a lengthy review process
they were able to select 4 to receive funding. Those to receive funding
include 2 projects submitted by PCFFA members to test bycatch
reduction devices in the ridgeback shrimp trawl fishery and another to
compare fishermen-directed hook and trap sampling of Groundfish to
ROV-based assessments. To see a copy of those projects selected and to
learn about the selection process, visit http://www.psmfc.org/RFP. In
other collaborative research news, opportunities still exist for salmon
fishermen to earn $500.00 extra per day by participating in a salmon
tagging study. To learn more about the study visit www.ifrfish.org or
www.fishresearchwest.org, or contact Ky Russell at (415) 561-3474 or
at: krussell@ifrfish.org.
8:02/09. NRC PANEL ON "DEFINING BEST AVAILABLE
SCIENCE FOR FISHERIES MANAGEMENT," MEETING 16-17
JULY: The National Research Council (NRC) is sponsoring an open
meeting of its panel for a study project, "Defining Best Available
Science for Fisheries Management," to be held at the University of
Washington in Seattle on 16 July. Following the open meeting will be a
17 July closed session. For more information, contact Denise Greene at
(202) 334-3456 or at: dgreene@nas.edu. The Project, formed on 1 May,
is under the NRC's Ocean Studies Board and is described at:
http://www4.nas.edu/webcr.nsf/MeetingDisplay1/OSBX-U-02-07-A?Op
enDocument. The NRC panel's final report is expected by 1 March 2004
and may influence implementation of Standard 2 of the
Magnuson-Stevens Fishery Conservation & Management Act, 16 USC
1801 et seq.
8:02/10. SENATE REFUSES TO LET AMERICORPS SINK: After
President George W. Bush failed to include a funding request for
AmeriCorps, the national community service volunteer program, in his
recent $1.9 billion supplemental appropriations request, the U.S. Senate
voted 71 - 21 to include an additional $100 million in order to fully fund
the nation's AmeriCorps programs for fiscal year 2003 (see Sublegals,
8:01/12; 7:24/01). Among the AmeriCorps programs is its Watershed
Stewards Project (WSP) which has played a significant role in the
restoration of salmon habitat and salmon recovery in northern California.
Congress has already acted to solve AmeriCorps' education award
accounting problems by passing the "Strengthen AmeriCorps Program
Act", which the President signed 3 July. However, the President made
no comment about additional program funding. While his reluctant
compliance confuses some people, the U.S. Senate has provided clear
leadership behind Senators Barbara Mikulski (D-MD) and Edward
Kennedy (D-MA), who sponsored the $100 million appropriation. The
measure's final fate will be decided in conference with the House of
Representatives. Comments should be made to Congressional
Representatives to ensure their support of AmeriCorps for this fiscal
year. For more contact Gina Bauer, AmeriCorps Watershed Stewards
Project Director, at coho@northcoast.com or see
www.saveamericorps.org.
8:02/11. REPORT RELEASED ON ECOLOGICAL AND SOCIAL
COSTS OF FISH FARMING: "What Price Farmed Fish: A Review of
the Environmental and Social Costs of Farming Carnivorous Fish," is the
title of a new report on the impacts of fish aquaculture released 3 July by
SeaWeb. Authored by Michael Weber, a marine conservation consultant,
the report examines the impacts of farming salmon and warns that the
trend toward farming additional carnivorous fish species, including tuna,
cod, and halibut, will likely generate many of the same problems
associated with salmon aquaculture (see Sublegals, 7:26/09; 7:24/13;
7:24/12). The increasing global catch of small fish, such as anchovies
and sardines, going to produce fish feed for farming of carnivorous fish
species is becoming a serious sustainability issue. The report
recommends that the expansion of finfish farming be based on closed
systems, with total containment of fish and recovery and reuse of wastes.
Several examples of 'good aquaculture' practices are discussed, including
farming vegetarian species, employing polyculture or integrated systems
that recycle nutrients and minimize effluent, and using closed systems
that eliminate farmed escapes and the transfer of parasites and disease to
wild populations. The report also addresses the concern of utilizing
transgenic salmon in these types of systems.
SeaWeb's report compliments other ocean conservation reports
recently released, including the Pew Ocean Commission's "America's
Living Oceans: Charting a Course for Sea Change" that calls for, among
other things, a moratorium on coastal fish farming (go to:
www.pewoceans.org). The full SeaWeb report, including an executive
summary, is available in PDF at:
http://www.AquacultureClearinghouse.org. In California, the State
Legislature's Assembly Water, Parks & Wildlife Committee passed State
Senator Byron Sher's (D-Palo Alto) bill, SB 245, this past week to enact
a state ban on ocean farming of salmon, exotic and transgenic finfish (for
more information, contact Natasha Benjamin at:nbenjamin@ifrfish.org).
8:02/12. FISHERMEN SOUGHT TO COLLECT ESCAPED
FARMED ATLANTIC SALMON ROVING LOOSE IN THE PACIFIC.
The Atlantic Salmon in Pacific Waters Research Group at the University
of Alberta is seeking fishermen along the Canadian and U.S. west coast
to donate any Atlantic salmon they may catch to this research program
examining the impacts of these escaped fish.
The research project is headed by Dr. John Volpe, who was the first
person to discover escaped Atlantic salmon had successfully bred in wild
British Columbia rivers. The project warns that every Atlantic salmon
"thrown overboard is a fish than never escaped in the eyes of DFO
[Canadian Department of Fisheries & Oceans] and the aquaculture
industry." Heads and guts donated will be used for a variety of purposes
including:
* To examine the extent of sea lice outbreaks
* To get an accurate picture of how many fish and where they are being
caught across the coast
* To determine if individuals were born in the wild or farm-escaped
* To assess which river systems have the greatest number of escapees
* To determine which genetic strains are surviving in the wild
* To see how healthy the escapees are in the wild. Are they surviving?
Flourishing?
For more information, contact Vashni Skipper at:
info@escapedatlantics.com; the program website can be found at:
http://www.biology.ualberta.ca/faculty/john_volpe/salmon/atlantics/inde
x.html; while information about donating heads can be found at:
www.escapedatlantics.com.
**********
Paying Attention? What happened to the Klamath Water Bank that was
to provide summer fish flows?
A) Its balance was pumped to the Little Applegate to provide the flows
needed down that river for a white water rafting trip by Secretary Norton
and other Department of Interior officials.
B) All of its water was purchased by the BPA to dilute radioactive
contamination on the Hanford Reach of the Columbia River.
C) According to British Intelligence, as repeated by Bush Administration
speeches, the balance in the bank was transferred to Iraq, at the same
time that nation was buying uranium from Nigeria, to make heavy water
for weapons of mass destruction.
D) Who knows? BOR isn't disclosing how the taxpayer money was spent
or where the water went.
E-Mail your answer to "Editor" at: sublegals@ifrfish.org. One winner is
drawn each week from a list of those submitting the correct answer.
And the Winner is.........H. LAMAR THOMAS, who correctly answered,
"B) To initiate a promotion campaign aimed at retailers, nutritionists,
distributors, restaurants and the media, but not consumers," to the
question: "On 24 June, corporations representing Chilean, Canadian and
U.S. salmon growers signed an agreement to create "SOTA." What will
be the initial focus of this new organization?" He will receive an "Order
of the Fringehead" certificate and a handsome gray shirt with the cuddly
Sarcastic Fringehead Sublegals logo.
NEWS, COMMENTS, CORRECTIONS: Submit your news items,
comments or any corrections to Sara Randall, editor at:
sublegals@ifrfish.org, or call the IFR/PCFFA office with the news and a
source at either: (415) 561-FISH (Southwest Office) or (541) 689-2000
(Northwest Office).
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&nbs=
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bsp; ~~>SUBLEGALS 11July03<~~<BR>
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A WEEKLY QUOTA OF FISHERY SHORTS CAUGHT=
AND<BR>
LANDED BY THE INSTITUTE FOR FISHERIES RESOURCES <BR=
>
AND THE PACIFIC COAST FEDERATION OF FISHERMEN'S<BR>
&nbs=
p; &n=
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ASSOCIATIONS<BR>
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VOL. 08, NO. 02 =
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bsp; 11 JULY 2003<BR>
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"As we know, there are known knowns. There are things we know we<BR>
know. We also know there are known unknowns. That is to say, we<=
BR>
know there are some things we do not know. But there are also<BR>
unknown unknowns, the ones we don't know we don't know."<BR>
........ Donald Rumsfeld<BR>
##########################################################<BR>
IN THIS ISSUE.......<BR>
<BR>
BOR Calls the Klamath River "Dry" and Announces the Water <BR>
Bank is Gone. 8:02/01.<BR>
<BR>
Protesters Greet Secretary Norton in Sacramento Decrying <BR>
Her Lack of Action on the Klamath. 8:02/02.<BR>
<BR>
Water Board Rescinds Ag Waste Water Waivers, Requires <BR>
Registration of Dischargers. 8:02/04. <BR>
<BR>
Precaution Urged For Establishing MPAs. 8:02/07<BR>
<BR>
Report Released on High Ecological and Social Costs of <BR>
Carnivorous Fish Farming. 8:02/11<BR>
<BR>
AND MORE......<BR>
##########################################################<BR>
<BR>
8:02/01. BOR CHANGES COURSE AGAIN, DOWNGRADIN=
G<BR>
UPPER KLAMATH WATER YEAR TO "DRY;" SUMMER WATER<BR>
BANK FLOWS MYSTERIOUSLY DISAPPEAR: On 10 July, the U.S.<BR>
Bureau of Reclamation (BOR) reclassified the hydrological water year<BR>
for the Upper Klamath Basin from "below average" back to "dry" and<BR>
announced it would be reducing flows in the river to the minimum<BR>
required for protection of Endangered Species Act (ESA) listed coho<BR>
salmon under the federal water agency's 10-year water plan for this<BR>
northern California - southern Oregon basin. The 10 July order is a<BR=
>
complete reversal of BOR's 13 June decision (see Sublegals, 7:24/02;<BR>
7:23/11; 7:17/13; 7:16/06; 7:15/07; 7:13/02; 7:09/03). The recission was<BR>
based on a specially ordered hydrological reassessment. PCFFA, along<B=
R>
with other fishing and conservation groups, has sued BOR and the<BR>
National Marine Fisheries Service (NMFS), PCFFA et al. v. BOR,<BR>
NMFS (Dist. N. Ca, No. 02-2006-SBA), over the inadequacy of the<BR>
10-year flow regime to protect the fish (see Sublegals, 8:01/07). <BR>
<BR>
Upper Klamath Lake is large and shallow and lake el=
evation changes<BR>
of even a few inches can make a huge difference to the amount of<BR>
available edge habitat and marsh acreage for meeting fish and wildlife<BR>
needs. Klamath Project water users had been under pressure to strictly=
<BR>
conserve water in order to reach target Upper Klamath Lake levels of<BR>
4139.6 feet for August under the prior "below average" water year<BR>
classification. However, under the new "dry" year reclassification, th=
e<BR>
target lake levels will drop to 4139.0 feet for August, relieving the<BR>
irrigators of pressure to conserve water, but putting endangered lake<BR>
species (e.g., shortnosed sucker) at greater risk, and completely drying<BR>
out the 14,400 acre Upper Klamath Lake National Wildlife Refuge by<BR>
the end of August. Water for the national wildlife refuges is frequent=
ly<BR>
sacrificed in the arid upper basin to feed water demands by the federal<BR>
irrigation project (see http://www.klamathbasin.info/refuges.htm). <BR=
>
<BR>
On the same day, BOR also declared that it would no=
t deliver any<BR>
water bank flows to the lower river for July or August as originally<BR>
required, citing an "unforeseen change in climatic conditions." It further<B=
R>
announced a reduction in releases from Iron Gate Dam to the lowest<BR>
minimum flows required under its 10-year water plan for a "below<BR>
average" water year. The lower river flows are significantly below lev=
els<BR>
called for by the State of California, the Pacific Fisheries Management<BR>
Council (PFMC) and fishery scientists as necessary to prevent more fish<BR>
kills. The BOR has not accounted for how the 50,000 acre-feet of water<BR>
for the water bank, purchased with $4 million of taxpayer funds, has in<BR>
fact been used. On 21 May, BOR had nearly 47,500 acre-feet of water<BR=
>
bank water available but claims none now remains. <BR>
<BR>
On 10 July, NMFS Southwest Region signed off on the=
new BOR<BR>
water bank numbers, though leaving open the option of requiring some<BR>
additional flows in September to prevent another massive fish kill like<BR>
that in September 2002 (see Sublegals, 6:15/01; 6:14/01; 6:13/01). The<BR>
flows for the Klamath River are important not only for protecting (never<BR>
mind recovering) listed coho salmon, but for maintaining fall-run<BR>
chinook populations in the basin. Fall-run were the major victims of the<BR>
autumn 2002 low flows. The ocean salmon fisheries of northern<BR>
California and southern Oregon are regulated based on the health of<BR>
Klamath fall-run chinook stocks. For more, see the 11 July Klamath<BR>
Herald & News article at: www.heraldandnews.com/articles/<BR>
2003/07/11/news/top_stories/change.txt. For the BOR press release,<BR>
giving the agency version, go to:<BR>
http://www.usbr.gov/mp/Mp140/news/2003/MP-03-037.pdf. <BR>
&nbs=
p; &n=
bsp; =
<BR>
8:02/02. INTERIOR SECRETARY GREETED WITH PICKETS<BR=
>
AND PROTESTS OVER LACK OF KLAMATH RIVER WATER AT<BR>
SACRAMENTO WATER CONFERENCE: U.S. Interior Secretary<BR>
Gale Norton was greeted with pickets and protests when she arrived for<BR>
her "Water 2025" conference on 10 July in Sacramento, California.<BR>
Norton was faced with demonstrators from the lower Klamath Basin,<BR>
including many members of the lower river Tribes, demanding that she<BR>
pay more attention to water for the year 2003 for the Klamath River. <BR>
The Tribes are particularly incensed that Indian water rights in the<BR>
Klamath Basin, which are legally senior water rights, have been virtually<BR=
>
ignored in the water debates within the Klamath Basin. No California<B=
R>
Tribal representatives were invited to participate in the conference, nor<BR=
>
were any fishery representatives. For more, see the 10 July Associated<BR>
Press article on the conference:<BR>
http://www.heraldtribune.com/apps/pbcs.dll/article?AID=3D/20030710/<BR>
APN/307101169.<BR>
<BR>
Fights over water flows in the Klamath (see Sublega=
ls, 7:21/01;<BR>
6:16/01) as well as poor federal participation in California's CALFED<BR>
process to restore the ecological integrity of the California San Francisco<=
BR>
Bay Delta, have also resulted in serious rifts between State of California<B=
R>
officials and the federal government. In what is perceived as a deliberate<B=
R>
snub, California Secretary of Resources Mary Nichols was not invited by<BR>
Secretary Norton to address the water conference. Nichols has been<BR>
highly critical of Interior's handling of last year's salmon kill on the<BR>
Klamath. For more, see the 10 July Sacramento Bee at:<BR>
http://www.sacbee.com/content/politics/nation/story/<BR>
7004073p-7952762c.html.<BR>
<BR>
8:02/03. KLAMATH JUVENILE FISH KILL ABA=
TED BY<BR>
COOLER WEATHER?: The Eureka Times- Standard reported 8 July<BR>
that the juvenile fish kill on the Klamath River appears to have been<BR>
staved off by cooler weather (see Sublegals, 7:25/02). Since June, mor=
e<BR>
than one hundred dead juvenile salmon have been found in sampling<BR>
traps. The dead fish were found during a period of high temperatures,<BR>
and only weeks after millions of hatchery fry were released upstream. A<BR>
survey of the river two weeks ago between the Scott River's confluence<BR>
and Coon Creek falls on the lower river turned up only a few dead young<BR>
salmon. The lack of dead juvenile salmon is good news for those who<BR>
worried that a repeat of June 2000 would occur, when 250,000 young fry<BR>
died in the river. For more information see:<BR>
http://www.timesstandard.com/Stories/0,1413,127%257E2896%257E15<BR>
00499,00.html.<BR>
<BR>
8:02/04. WATER BOARD "CUTS BABY IN HALF," REQUIRING=
<BR>
GROWERS WHO DISCHARGE WASTE TO REGISTER, BUT WITH<BR>
NO FEES OR ENFORCEMENT: California's Central Valley Water<BR>
Quality Control Board, following two-days of hearings, voted 11 July to<BR>
require owners of irrigated cropland throughout the Central Valley to<BR>
register with the state as a first step toward regulation. Since 1982,=
<BR>
growers have been exempted under a waiver from state and federal<BR>
wastewater discharge requirements. As a result of 2000 state legislation,<BR=
>
the Central Valley Board was forced to revisit the broad exemption<BR>
given agriculture, the only industry in that state that has not been subject=
<BR>
to water pollution regulation. Agricultural run-off is the single larg=
est<BR>
source of water pollution in the Central Valley, negatively affecting the<BR=
>
four populations of chinook salmon, including Sacramento fall-run kings<BR>
that support the offshore ocean salmon fishery. In December 2002 the<BR>
Central Valley Board adopted a "conditional waiver" that allowed<BR>
agricultural dischargers to form watershed "coalitions" to voluntarily<BR>
monitor wastewater. That waiver was challenged by conservation and<BR>
fishing groups as well as the state Attorney General and was<BR>
subsequently rescinded by the Board following charges of<BR>
conflict-of-interest against one of its members, a Sacramento Valley rice<BR=
>
grower.<BR>
<BR>
Following the vote to rescind the previous waiver,=20=
the Board took<BR>
testimony on 10 July from two panels - one representing agricultural<BR>
interests and a second representing conservation, fishing and farm<BR>
worker organizations. The agriculture panel argued for another waiver,<BR>
asking for a voluntary monitoring program conducted by the watershed<BR>
"coalitions." They opposed any permit fee or disclosure of the names o=
f<BR>
landowners that were part of any coalition. Board members questioned<BR>
how such a plan would be enforceable if the coalitions were unwilling to<BR>
police their members or disclose their names. The<BR>
conservation-fishing-farm worker groups argued for a waste discharge<BR>
requirement under a permit with a fee (to cover administration and<BR>
enforcement costs), but said broad permits covering numerous<BR>
landowners (as opposed to a permit for each grower) would be effective<BR>
without being onerous. <BR>
<BR>
"Declines in Central Valley salmon, steelhead, stri=
ped bass and<BR>
sturgeon have cost sport and commercial fishing sectors more than $4<BR>
billion over the past thirty years. These declines are attributable<BR>
primarily to water diversions and pollution," said PCFFA Executive<BR>
Director Zeke Grader in testimony presented on behalf of the California<BR>
Sportfishing Protection Alliance, California Trout, Federation of Fly<BR>
Fishers, Trout Unlimited, United Anglers of California and PCFFA. <BR>
Grader also discussed the impacts of the pollution on Dungeness crab<BR>
and herring populations. "It is absolutely inequitable for agriculture to<BR=
>
use the public's water and then play a role in destroying the public's<BR>
fishery resources, financially impacting the fishing industries that<BR>
provided goods and services to the public."<BR>
<BR>
The 11 July, 5-2 Board vote to require registration=
of landowner<BR>
dischargers did not go so far as to establish a permit or require fees.<BR>
Thus, the Board will have the names of Central Valley irrigators, if they<BR=
>
comply, but it does not have an enforceable permit to require compliance<BR>
with water quality standards nor the funds (from fees) to enforce<BR>
compliance. For more on the Central Valley Board action see the<BR>
Modesto Bee article at:<BR>
http://www.modbee.com/local/story/7113344p-8043892c.html. &=
nbsp; <BR>
<BR>
8:02/05. CALIFORNIA ENERGY COMMISSION CALLS FOR<BR>
DAM REMOVAL OPTION IN KLAMATH HYDROPOWER<BR>
RELICENSING: The California Energy Commission is calling on<BR>
PacifiCorp to consider decommissioning dams of its Klamath River<BR>
hydropower project as part of its relicensing application before the<BR>
Federal Energy Regulatory Commission (FERC), reports the Eureka<BR>
Times-Standard. The dams, including Iron Gate located on the California<BR>
side of the Klamath, do not provide fish passage, and Iron Gate, a flow<BR>
regulating dam, acts as a "heat sump" that warms water to often-times<=
BR>
lethal levels for fish when it is released from the reservoir into the river=
<BR>
below (see Sublegals, 7:26/03). The high water temperature and nutrien=
t<BR>
loads of the water also results in flows deficient of oxygen. "In a<BR=
>
preliminary assessment of energy issues associated with the project, the<BR>
commission said that replacement energy would be needed to make up<BR>
for any dams that may be removed. But that power could be made up by<BR>
new and proposed facilities nearby," it said, including a 484-megawatt<BR>
cogeneration facility in Klamath Falls, Oregon, and two proposed<BR>
projects in Klamath County that would provide 1,500 megawatts. "The<BR>
seven dams in the Klamath project together only produce 151<BR>
megawatts," said the Times-Standard article. " Jim McKinney, an<BR>
environmental policy specialist with the state Commission, said<BR>
PacifiCorp should look at the trade offs of decommissioning dams. The<BR>
California Resources Agency and the State Water Resources Control<BR>
Board (SWRCB) asked the Energy Commission to analyze PacifiCorp's<BR>
license application. To see the 4 July Times-Standard article by John<BR>
Driscoll, go to:<BR>
http://www.times-standard.com/Stories/0,1413,127%7E2896%7E14946<BR>
38,00.html. A copy of PacfiCorp's FERC draft license application can<B=
R>
be found at: http://www.pacificorp.com/Article/Article1152.html.<BR>
<BR>
8:02/06. WASHINGTON STATE ADOPTS NEW WATER<BR>
QUALITY STANDARDS: Washington State's Department of Ecology<BR>
has announced the adoption of the first major overhaul of the state's<BR>
water quality standards in a decade (see Sublegals, 8:01/06; 7:24/07). <BR>
The standards set limits on pollution in Washington's lakes, rivers and<BR>
marine waters. Ecology uses the standards to protect water quality for<BR>
swimming, fishing, fish habitat and drinking water. They are also used in<BR=
>
establishing wastewater permits and water cleanup plans. The new<BR>
standards include updated temperature requirements to protect critical<BR>
life stages of salmon and bull trout, including incubation, spawning and<BR>
rearing.<BR>
<BR>
Since the adoption of the last standards, many of W=
ashington's<BR>
salmon runs have become listed as endangered or threatened under the<BR>
federal Endangered Species Act (ESA). The updated standards must now<BR>
be approved by the U.S. Environmental Protection Agency (EPA) and<BR>
federal fish agencies before they take effect. For more information on=
<BR>
the standards, contact Leslie Thorpe at (360) 407-6848. The new<BR>
standards can be found at:<BR>
http://www.ecy.wa.gov/programs/wq/swqs/index.html.<BR>
<BR>
8:02/07. ARTICLES RAISE CAUTION ABOUT MPAs:&n=
bsp; Scientists<BR>
should be much more cautious and systematic about the issue of marine<BR>
protected areas (MPAs) and their implementation, and avoid thinking<BR>
about them as simplistic solutions for complex problems that may be<BR>
better solved in other ways, say the authors of "Dangerous targets?<BR>
Unresolved issues and ideological clashes around marine protected<BR>
areas," in the upcoming book titled Aquatic Conservation: Marine and<BR>
Freshwater Ecosystems (John Wiley & Sons, Ltd.). The authors=
, some<BR>
of the world's foremost marine scientists, note that blanket advocacy of<BR>
marine protected areas, often based on unsubstantiated claims or<BR>
percentage targets, not only unnecessarily polarizes the debate, but sets<BR=
>
up a rush to implementation before their design and impact has been<BR>
fully thought out. They also note that honest differences of opinion o=
n<BR>
MPAs are emerging even among scientists that cannot be reconciled<BR>
from an inflexible or advocacy viewpoint, but only from science-based,<BR>
systematic monitoring over time. For a copy of the article go to:<BR>
http://www.elpnet.org/Agardyetal2003.pdf.<BR>
<BR>
In a short article that appears in the July issue o=
f Fisheries (Vol. 28,<BR>
No.7, p. 35), authors Omar Defeo and Roberto Perez-Castaneda discuss<BR>
the case of Mexico in their article, "Misuse of Marine Protected Areas<BR>
for fisheries management." They write, the "implementation of MPAs in<BR>
Mexico has become a conventional response by conservationists,<BR>
especially for some ecosystems (e.g., coral reefs) and charismatic species<B=
R>
(e.g., marine turtles, manatees, flamingos). The implementation of<BR>
hybrid reserves (i.e., marine and terrestrial components) constitutes an<BR>
erroneous starting point, because of marked differences between marine<BR>
and terrestrial ecosystems, including the dynamics of populations,<BR>
intrinsic characteristics of the habitats, and the unique feature of the<BR>
fishing process. Between-ecosystem differences imply that specific and<BR>
distinctive criteria should be used for designing MPAs. Furthermore,<BR>
management agencies with different levels of involvement in developing<BR>
reserves (1) rarely considered ecological and fisheries data, and (2)<BR>
adopted management measures which frequently overlap or are in<BR>
contradiction among each other because of a clear lack of collaborative,<BR>
multidisciplinary plans. Consequently, MPAs in Mexico have failed to<BR>
fulfill management and conservation objectives because of weaknesses<BR>
of the initial objectives, design, and level of enforcement." For more=
:<BR>
www.fisheries.org. <BR>
<BR>
Many of the same concerns, including more careful d=
efinition of<BR>
terms, biologically driven criteria for design, clearly identified purposes,=
<BR>
comprehensive monitoring and adaptive management, are part of<BR>
PCFFA's Policy Statement on marine protected areas, available on the<BR>
web at: http://www.pcffa.org/mpa3.htm. See also the February 1999<BR>
issue of Fishermen's News, "Marine Reserves: Friend or Foe?" at:<BR>
http://www.pcffa.org/fn-feb99.htm.<BR>
<BR>
8:02/08. COOPERATIVE RESEARCH PROJECTS AWARDE=
D,<BR>
SALMON TAGGING OPPORTUNITIES STILL AVAILABLE: The<BR>
Pacific States Marine Fisheries Commission (PSMFC) has announced<BR>
the recipients of its cooperative research monies for 2003. Fifteen<BR>
proposals were submitted to PSMFC and after a lengthy review process<BR>
they were able to select 4 to receive funding. Those to receive funding<BR>
include 2 projects submitted by PCFFA members to test bycatch<BR>
reduction devices in the ridgeback shrimp trawl fishery and another to<BR>
compare fishermen-directed hook and trap sampling of Groundfish to<BR>
ROV-based assessments. To see a copy of those projects selected and to<BR>
learn about the selection process, visit http://www.psmfc.org/RFP. In<BR>
other collaborative research news, opportunities still exist for salmon<BR>
fishermen to earn $500.00 extra per day by participating in a salmon<BR>
tagging study. To learn more about the study visit www.ifrfish.org or<BR>
www.fishresearchwest.org, or contact Ky Russell at (415) 561-3474 or<BR>
at: krussell@ifrfish.org. <BR>
<BR>
8:02/09. NRC PANEL ON "DEFINING BEST AVAILABL=
E<BR>
SCIENCE FOR FISHERIES MANAGEMENT," MEETING 16-17<BR>
JULY: The National Research Council (NRC) is sponsoring an open<BR>
meeting of its panel for a study project, "Defining Best Available<BR>
Science for Fisheries Management," to be held at the University of<BR>
Washington in Seattle on 16 July. Following the open meeting will be a=
<BR>
17 July closed session. For more information, contact Denise Greene at<BR>
(202) 334-3456 or at: dgreene@nas.edu. The Project, formed on 1 May,<BR>
is under the NRC's Ocean Studies Board and is described at:<BR>
http://www4.nas.edu/webcr.nsf/MeetingDisplay1/OSBX-U-02-07-A?Op<BR>
enDocument. The NRC panel's final report is expected by 1 March 2004<BR>
and may influence implementation of Standard 2 of the<BR>
Magnuson-Stevens Fishery Conservation & Management Act, 16 USC<BR>
1801 et seq.<BR>
<BR>
8:02/10. SENATE REFUSES TO LET AMERICORPS SIN=
K: After<BR>
President George W. Bush failed to include a funding request for<BR>
AmeriCorps, the national community service volunteer program, in his<BR>
recent $1.9 billion supplemental appropriations request, the U.S. Senate<BR>
voted 71 - 21 to include an additional $100 million in order to fully fund<B=
R>
the nation's AmeriCorps programs for fiscal year 2003 (see Sublegals,<BR>
8:01/12; 7:24/01). Among the AmeriCorps programs is its Watershed<BR>
Stewards Project (WSP) which has played a significant role in the<BR>
restoration of salmon habitat and salmon recovery in northern California. <B=
R>
<BR>
Congress has already acted to solve AmeriCorps' edu=
cation award<BR>
accounting problems by passing the "Strengthen AmeriCorps Program<BR>
Act", which the President signed 3 July. However, the President made<B=
R>
no comment about additional program funding. While his reluctant<BR>
compliance confuses some people, the U.S. Senate has provided clear<BR>
leadership behind Senators Barbara Mikulski (D-MD) and Edward<BR>
Kennedy (D-MA), who sponsored the $100 million appropriation. The<BR>
measure's final fate will be decided in conference with the House of<BR>
Representatives. Comments should be made to Congressional<BR>
Representatives to ensure their support of AmeriCorps for this fiscal<BR>
year. For more contact Gina Bauer, AmeriCorps Watershed Stewards<BR>
Project Director, at coho@northcoast.com or see<BR>
www.saveamericorps.org.<BR>
<BR>
8:02/11. REPORT RELEASED ON ECOLOGICAL AND SO=
CIAL<BR>
COSTS OF FISH FARMING: "What Price Farmed Fish: A Review of<BR>
the Environmental and Social Costs of Farming Carnivorous Fish," is the<BR>
title of a new report on the impacts of fish aquaculture released 3 July by<=
BR>
SeaWeb. Authored by Michael Weber, a marine conservation consultant,<BR>
the report examines the impacts of farming salmon and warns that the<BR>
trend toward farming additional carnivorous fish species, including tuna,<BR=
>
cod, and halibut, will likely generate many of the same problems<BR>
associated with salmon aquaculture (see Sublegals, 7:26/09; 7:24/13;<BR>
7:24/12). The increasing global catch of small fish, such as anchovies<BR>
and sardines, going to produce fish feed for farming of carnivorous fish<BR>
species is becoming a serious sustainability issue. The report<BR>
recommends that the expansion of finfish farming be based on closed<BR>
systems, with total containment of fish and recovery and reuse of wastes.<BR=
>
Several examples of 'good aquaculture' practices are discussed, including<BR=
>
farming vegetarian species, employing polyculture or integrated systems<BR>
that recycle nutrients and minimize effluent, and using closed systems<BR>
that eliminate farmed escapes and the transfer of parasites and disease to<B=
R>
wild populations. The report also addresses the concern of utilizing<BR>
transgenic salmon in these types of systems. <BR>
<BR>
SeaWeb's report compliments other ocean conservatio=
n reports<BR>
recently released, including the Pew Ocean Commission's "America's<BR>
Living Oceans: Charting a Course for Sea Change" that calls for, among<BR>
other things, a moratorium on coastal fish farming (go to:<BR>
www.pewoceans.org). The full SeaWeb report, including an executive<BR>
summary, is available in PDF at:<BR>
http://www.AquacultureClearinghouse.org. In California, the State<BR>
Legislature's Assembly Water, Parks & Wildlife Committee passed State<BR=
>
Senator Byron Sher's (D-Palo Alto) bill, SB 245, this past week to enact<BR>
a state ban on ocean farming of salmon, exotic and transgenic finfish (for<B=
R>
more information, contact Natasha Benjamin at:nbenjamin@ifrfish.org).<BR>
<BR>
8:02/12. FISHERMEN SOUGHT TO COLLECT ESCAPED<BR>
FARMED ATLANTIC SALMON ROVING LOOSE IN THE PACIFIC.<BR>
The Atlantic Salmon in Pacific Waters Research Group at the University<BR>
of Alberta is seeking fishermen along the Canadian and U.S. west coast<BR>
to donate any Atlantic salmon they may catch to this research program<BR>
examining the impacts of these escaped fish.<BR>
<BR>
The research project is headed by Dr. John Volpe, w=
ho was the first<BR>
person to discover escaped Atlantic salmon had successfully bred in wild<BR>
British Columbia rivers. The project warns that every Atlantic salmon<BR>
"thrown overboard is a fish than never escaped in the eyes of DFO<BR>
[Canadian Department of Fisheries & Oceans] and the aquaculture<BR>
industry." Heads and guts donated will be used for a variety of purposes<BR>
including: <BR>
<BR>
* To examine the extent of sea lice outbreaks<BR>
* To get an accurate picture of how many fish and where they are being<BR>
caught across the coast<BR>
* To determine if individuals were born in the wild or farm-escaped<BR>
* To assess which river systems have the greatest number of escapees<BR>
* To determine which genetic strains are surviving in the wild<BR>
* To see how healthy the escapees are in the wild. Are they surviving?=
<BR>
Flourishing?<BR>
&nbs=
p; &n=
bsp; =
<BR>
For more information, contact Vashni Skipper at:<BR=
>
info@escapedatlantics.com; the program website can be found at:<BR>
http://www.biology.ualberta.ca/faculty/john_volpe/salmon/atlantics/inde<BR>
x.html; while information about donating heads can be found at:<BR>
www.escapedatlantics.com.<BR>
&nbs=
p; &n=
bsp; =
**********<BR>
Paying Attention? What happened to the Klamath Water Bank that was<BR>
to provide summer fish flows? <BR>
<BR>
A) Its balance was pumped to the Little Applegate to provide the flows<BR>
needed down that river for a white water rafting trip by Secretary Norton<BR=
>
and other Department of Interior officials.<BR>
B) All of its water was purchased by the BPA to dilute radioactive<BR>
contamination on the Hanford Reach of the Columbia River.<BR>
C) According to British Intelligence, as repeated by Bush Administration<BR>
speeches, the balance in the bank was transferred to Iraq, at the same<BR>
time that nation was buying uranium from Nigeria, to make heavy water<BR>
for weapons of mass destruction. <BR>
D) Who knows? BOR isn't disclosing how the taxpayer money was spent<BR>
or where the water went. <BR>
<BR>
E-Mail your answer to "Editor" at: sublegals@ifrfish.org. One winner is<BR>
drawn each week from a list of those submitting the correct answer. <BR>
<BR>
And the Winner is.........H. LAMAR THOMAS, who correctly answered,<BR>
"B) To initiate a promotion campaign aimed at retailers, nutritionists,<BR>
distributors, restaurants and the media, but not consumers," to the<BR>
question: "On 24 June, corporations representing Chilean, Canadian and<BR>
U.S. salmon growers signed an agreement to create "SOTA." What will<BR>
be the initial focus of this new organization?" He will receive an "Or=
der<BR>
of the Fringehead" certificate and a handsome gray shirt with the cuddly<BR>
Sarcastic Fringehead Sublegals logo.<BR>
<BR>
NEWS, COMMENTS, CORRECTIONS: Submit your news items,<BR>
comments or any corrections to Sara Randall, editor at:<BR>
sublegals@ifrfish.org, or call the IFR/PCFFA office with the news and a<BR>
source at either: (415) 561-FISH (Southwest Office) or (541) 689-2000<BR>
(Northwest Office).<BR>
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If you have any trouble subscribing or unsubscribing, contact<BR>
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R>
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as a subscriber, please feel free to pass this on to your colleagues. =20=
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Subscribers who wish to post or circulate hard copy of Sublegals or <BR>
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